科技翻译例文---无损探伤/Nondestructive Testing

During the past few years the industrial world has witnessed an anazing growth in the use of nondestructive testing methods and techniques. The demand for and use of nondestructive testing will continue to grow at an even more accelerated rate, For example, jet airplanes are operating at higher and higher speeds, jet and conventional airplane engines are developing greater horsepower per pound, and pressure vessels and pipes are operating at higher pressures.18 As our technology advances further there will be a demand and need for new performance from engineering materials. To continue to make engineering advances and to meet the needs of the world's advancing technology, nondestructive testing methods and techniques must find wider applications and new methods and techniques must be developed. Our expanding technology is demanding not only more but better nondestructive testing.

前几年间，在利用无损探伤方法与工艺方面工业界取得了惊人的进展。对于无损探伤的要求会继续提高，它的应用范围也会加速扩大。譬如，喷气飞机飞得越来越快，喷气飞机和常规飞机发动机单位重量发出的功率（马力/磅）越来越强大，高压容器与管道承受的压力愈来愈高。随着工艺水平的进一步提高，对工程材料的性能提出了新的需求。为了继续推动工程进步，为了满足全世界技术进步的需要，无损探伤的方法与工艺必须得到更广泛的应用，同时还必须发展新方法、新工艺。我们的技术在不断扩展，这就不仅需要更多种无损探伤方法，而且需要更好的无损探伤方法。

The purpose of this book is to acquaint engineers, metallurgists, and other technical personnel both practicing and "to be" with the (1) basic principles of nondestructive testing, (2) kind of results which can be expected when using these tests, and (3) typical applications. The term "nondestructive testing" is used in this book as a general name given to all test methods which permit testing or inspection of material without impairing its future usefulness. From an industrial viewpoint, the purpose of nondestructive testing is to determine whether a material or part will satisfactorily perform its intended function.

本书的目的是使正在从事和即将从事无损探伤的工程师、冶金工作者及其他技术人员了解下面几方面的知识。第一，无损探伤的基本原理；第二，利用这类检测所获结果的类型；第三，典型的应用实例。“无损探伤”这一术语在本书中是用来赋予可用来对材料进行检测或探伤面对材料今后的用途不会造成损害的各类测试方法的通用名称。从工业观点来看，无损探伤的目的，是确定一种材料或一个零件是否能满意地起到原本想起到的作用。

It must be realized that the desired properties or qualities must be built into a product; they cannot be inspected into it.13 The primary purpose of a nondestructive inspection is to determine the existing state or quality of a material, with a view to acceptance or rejection. By use of nondestructive testing methods and techniques it has been possible to decrease the factor of ignorance about material without decreasing the factor of safety in the finished product. Absolute, perfect, and sound industrial material does not exist. Any correctly applied nondestructive test can tell only whether the relative soundness of a specimen lies within specified tolerances. The use of nondestructive testing has been and is being more fully recognized by management as a means of meeting consumer demands for better products, reduced cost, and increased production.

必须认识到，所需的性质或质量必须是产品制成后具有的性质或质量，是不可能进入产品内部去检查的。无损探伤最初的目的，是确定材料加工成产品后的现状或质量，以便决定取舍。利用无损探伤方法和工艺，已使我们能在不降低成品安全系数的情况下，提高对材料的了解程度。纯粹的、完美无缺的工业材料是不存在的。无论采用哪种无损检验方法正确地进行探伤，都只能告诉人们被检查的试件是否在规定的范图内相对完好、无损探伤方法的运用，已经并正在使管理人员更充分地认识到它是满足消费者对提高质量、降低成本和提高产量等项要求的措施。

The art and science of nondestructive testing are very old, Probably one of the most famous and well-known examples is that of Archimedes and Hiero's crown. In performing a test to determine if the king had been defrauded by the silversmiths, Archimedes discovered the principle that now bears his name. The art of nondestructive testing is used in many fields of endeavor without even being considered in the realm of nondestructive testing. For example, the fruit vendor who can tell if a watermelon is ripe by "thumping" or if a cantaloupe is ripe by shaking and listening for the "rattle" of the seeds is using nondestructive testing. Nearly every form of energy has been utilized in nondestructive testing. Likewise nearly every property of the materials to be inspected has been made the basis for some method or technique of nondestructive testing. For the purposes of this book all these test methods have been divided into ten groups as follows:

无损探伤的艺术和科学是非常古老的。众所周知的最著名例子之一，是阿基米德与海罗王王冠的事。阿基米德在进行检测以确定海罗王是否被银匠所骗的过程中，发现了现在以他的名字命名的原理。无损探伤工艺现已在无损探伤领域内，甚至在都没有考虑过的其他许多活动领域内得到应用。比如说，水果商贩重重地敲击西瓜，就能知道西瓜熟不熟；摇摇甜瓜籽发不发出“嗄嗄”的响声，就能知道甜瓜熟了没有。他们这样做都是运用的无损检验方法。

几乎各种形式的能量都已用来进行无损探伤；同样，几乎待检材料的所有性质也都已用来作为无损探伤的某种方法或工艺的基础。为了实现本书的目的，将所有这些检验方法分成以下10类：外观检查法；加压检漏法；超声波探伤透过法；热力探伤法；辐射照相术（X射线和Y射线)；声波探伤法（声波和超声波)；磁力探伤法；电学和静电探伤法；电磁感应探伤法；其他。

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